Phosphonic acid: preparation and applications

• Charlotte M. Sevrain,
• Mathieu Berchel,
• Hélène Couthon and
• Paul-Alain Jaffrès

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2186–2213, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.219

• applications in biology and medicine to mimic the phosphate group leading to antiretroviral drugs (e.g., tenofovir (1)) [39], isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors [40][41], antibiotics (e.g., fosfomycin (2)) [42], tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors 3 [43], antimalarial 4 [44], antihypertensive drugs (e.g., K4 5 and

Opportunities and challenges for the sustainable production of structurally complex diterpenoids in recombinant microbial systems

• Katarina Kemper,
• Max Hirte,
• Markus Reinbold,
• Monika Fuchs and
• Thomas Brück

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 845–854, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.85

• isoprenoid precursors are synthesized via the mevalonate pathway (MVA) starting from acetyl-CoA [26]. Alternatively, in the majority of eubacteria, cyanobacteria, green algae and in the plastids of plants isoprenoid biosynthesis originates from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and pyruvate [26][27

Biosynthesis of oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in polyketides

• Franziska Hemmerling and
• Frank Hahn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1512–1550, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.148

• isoprenoid biosynthesis. The designated branching modules of lactone and glutarimide-producing PKS show similar designs: a branching domain (B or X), which is flanked by a KS and an ACP domain (Scheme 20b and c). In vitro reconstitution experiments with the branching module of the macrolide rhizoxin (130

Recent highlights in biosynthesis research using stable isotopes

• Jan Rinkel and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2493–2508, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.271

• acetyl nucleophile at the growing chain. This mechanism is similar to the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA along the mevalonate pathway in isoprenoid biosynthesis [22]. Recently, a different additional mechanism of β-branching was reported, in which a special PKS module is catalyzing the reaction

Synthesis of isoprenoid bisphosphonate ethers through C–P bond formations: Potential inhibitors of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase

• Xiang Zhou,
• Jacqueline E. Reilly,
• Kathleen A. Loerch,
• Raymond J. Hohl and
• David F. Wiemer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1645–1650, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.171

• no activity against FDPS even at a 10 μM concentration. Keywords: bisphosphonate; isoprenoid biosynthesis; organophosphorous; phosphonate formation; Introduction Several enzymes of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways are the targets of widely prescribed drugs. For example, hydroxymethylglutaryl

• other enzymes in these pathways also may have value as drug targets. One of our interests in isoprenoid biosynthesis has been the enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), which mediates the reaction of the C15 compound farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) with the C5 isopentenyl diphosphate to form the

Preparation of mixed trialkyl alkylcarbonate derivatives of etidronic acid via an unusual route

• Petri A. Turhanen,
• Janne Weisell and
• Jouko J. Vepsäläinen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2019–2024, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.228

• have been considered as growth inhibitors for parasitic diseases such as malaria [8] and have found applications in crystal-engineering studies [9]. BP prodrugs have attracted recent interest due to their ability to inhibit isoprenoid biosynthesis [10]. Etidronate, (1-hydroxyethylidene)-1,1